Update: the use of Troyes

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The Lima Public Library (Lima, OH)

Further research has suggested that FOL 47 follows the liturgical use of Troyes.  

Even in its incomplete state, the text of the Office of the Dead in FOL 47 displays features that are unusual enough to distinguish it from many regional liturgies. 

For example, as shown at left, the responsory after the first reading of Matins is the commonplace "Credo quod redemptor  . . ." but the following versicle is the much less usual "Reposita est haec spes mea . . .".   

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Kenyon College, Special Collections and Archives, Olin Library

Similarly, the opening antiphon of Lauds begins "In iniquitatibus . . .", rather than the more common "Exultabunt domino . . .".   

As previously noted, this version of the Office of the Dead clearly departs from the increasingly "standard" uses of Rome and Paris (Gunhouse; Wieck 167).  It also differs from many other versions found in northern France and its border regions, notably including the liturgies of Rouen (Drigsdahl, Rouen Hours), Amiens (Walters Ms. W.262), Reims (Walters Ms. W.269), Sens (Drigsdahl, Office of the Dead), Cambrai (Walters Ms. W.88), Tournai (Walters Ms. W.464), and Liège (Walters Ms. W.164).

The Office of the Dead for the use of Troyes, however, matches FOL 47 at all of the available comparison points.  As represented by MS Richardson 7 in the collection of the Houghton Library, the Troyes liturgy includes both the "Credo quod redemptor/Reposita est" sequence at the first reading of Matins (fol. 210v) and the antiphon "In iniquitatibus" at the opening of Lauds (fol. 227r). 

Furthermore, its text also matches FOL 47's at the end of Matins (above, bottom left, lines 1-4), where FOL 47 shows the end of the versicle "Creator omnium rerum . . . ", followed by a responsory beginning "Libera me, domine" (fol. 226v-227r).   

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The Newark Public Library, Special Collections Division

At the same time, through the courtesy of the Newark Public Library, a newly digitized leaf of FOL 47 has provided converging evidence for the Troyes hypothesis. 

As shown at left, this new addition to the reconstruction of FOL 47 shows a portion of the litany of saints, a list of male martyrs followed by a list of bishops and confessors.  

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The Newark Public Library, Special Collections Division

While most of these saints were widely venerated, the sequence includes both St. Patroclus (line 1 at left), martyred in Troyes in 259 AD, and St. Savinien (line 2 at left), locally revered for his role in Christianizing Troyes before his martyrdom in 275 AD ("St. Patrocle"; "St Sabinien of Troyes").  St Savinien was considered particularly important in the Troyes tradition, as indicated by his prominence in the local liturgical calendar (Grotefend; MS Richardson 7 ff. 1v, 3r).  

In light of these developments, it seems highly probable that FOL 47 was designed to conform to the use of Troyes.  Of course, this does not necessarily determine the first user's place of residence.  For example, the armorial and linguistic evidence in MS Richardson 7 suggests that in that case, the manuscript was created for a woman who was raised in Troyes but married into a family residing in the province of Berry (Bulletin du bibliophile 1071MS Richardson 7 146v and 167v; Hoe and Bierstadt 31; Hogarth; Société Académique de L'Aube 172).  All the same, the text of FOL 47 certainly indicates that its first owner either resided in the vicinity of Troyes or had other ties to the area's liturgical traditions.  

Katherine Bonamo Philbin
January 2016
Update: the use of Troyes